Roses are iconic for their beauty and rich fragrance, making them one of the most cherished plants in gardens worldwide.

But while they're often considered high-maintenance, they can thrive with just a few simple steps.

In this beginner's guide, we'll cover the essentials of rose care—watering, pruning, and pest protection—to help your roses flourish and brighten up your garden.

1. Choosing the Right Spot

Before you plant, find a sunny location with well-draining soil. Roses love sunlight, ideally six hours or more daily. Morning sun is especially beneficial as it helps to dry any moisture on the leaves, which can prevent diseases. Make sure the area has good air circulation to keep the leaves dry and reduce the risk of fungal infections.

2. Watering Basics: Don't Overdo It!

Roses need consistent moisture, especially when they're newly planted or during hot summer months. The general rule is to water deeply but less frequently, about once or twice a week. This encourages the roots to grow deeper, which makes your plants more resilient.

When watering, aim for the base of the plant rather than the leaves. Wet leaves can lead to fungal problems, such as black spots and mildew. To avoid this, consider watering early in the morning so the foliage has time to dry throughout the day.

3. Pruning: Less is Often More

Pruning might sound intimidating, but it's essential for keeping roses healthy and encouraging new growth. In late winter or early spring, prune your roses by cutting back dead or diseased wood. Start by removing any branches that are crossing or crowding each other, as this can restrict airflow and create a breeding ground for pests.

When pruning, make cuts at a 45-degree angle just above an outward-facing bud. This encourages growth outward, keeping the plant open and allowing more sunlight and air to reach the center. For most roses, a good rule of thumb is to cut back about one-third of the plant's height. This keeps them compact and manageable while promoting strong blooms.

4. Feeding Roses: Nutrients for Blooms

Roses are hungry plants that require regular feeding to thrive. During the growing season (from early spring through late summer), feed your roses every 4-6 weeks with a balanced fertilizer or a fertilizer specifically designed for roses. Look for fertilizers with a balanced ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as these nutrients support leaf, root, and bloom development. If you prefer organic options, compost or well-rotted manure are excellent choices. They not only provide nutrients but also improve soil structure and health. Avoid over-fertilizing, though—too much can lead to lots of leaves but fewer flowers.

5. Dealing with Pests Naturally

Unfortunately, roses attract various pests, including aphids, spider mites, and Japanese beetles. However, you don't need harsh chemicals to keep them at bay. Here are some natural solutions:

- Aphids: These small green bugs can be washed off with a strong spray of water. Ladybugs also eat aphids, so attracting these beneficial insects to your garden is a bonus.

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Video by Silverline Tools

- Spider Mites: These tiny pests often appear during hot, dry weather. Try spraying your roses with a mix of water and a few drops of mild dish soap to deter them.

- Japanese Beetles: If you see these shiny, green beetles, handpick them off the plant in the morning when they're less active.

For general pest prevention, consider using insecticidal soaps or neem oil sprays, which are less harmful to beneficial insects than traditional pesticides.

6. Protecting from Disease

Roses are prone to fungal diseases, such as black spots and powdery mildew. To minimize the risk, avoid overhead watering and make sure there's good airflow around the plant. If you notice black spots on the leaves, remove the affected leaves and dispose of them, as the fungus can spread through fallen leaves. A regular preventative spray with a solution of baking soda, water, and a few drops of dish soap can help keep diseases at bay. Apply this every two weeks to keep your plants healthy and disease-free.

7. Mulching: Lock in Moisture and Prevent Weeds

A layer of mulch around the base of your roses helps retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and reduce weeds. Organic mulches like wood chips or straw work best. Spread about 2-3 inches of mulch around each plant, but keep it a few inches away from the stem to prevent rot.

8. Winter Protection: Keeping Roses Safe in Cold Climates

In colder regions, protect your roses from freezing temperatures by mounding soil around the base of each plant and covering it with a layer of mulch. For extra protection, wrap burlap around the plant in extreme winter weather. This extra step can ensure your roses survive the winter and return healthy in the spring.

With a little patience and the right care, roses can be an easy-to-manage highlight in any garden. By following these beginner tips, you'll not only grow beautiful blooms but also cultivate a rewarding gardening experience.